| 1. |
- Johansson, Viktor, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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Value of wind power – Implications from specific power
- 2017
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Ingår i: Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-5442. ; 126, s. 352-360
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates the marginal system value of increasing the penetration level of wind power, and how this value is dependent upon the specific power (the ratio of the rated power to the swept area). The marginal system value measures the economic value of increasing the wind power capacity. Green-field power system scenarios, with minimised dispatch and investment costs, are modelled for Year 2050 for four regions in Europe that have different conditions for renewable electricity generation. The results show a high marginal system value of wind turbines at low penetration levels in all four regions and for the three specific powers investigated. The cost-optimal wind power penetration levels are up to 40% in low-wind-speed regions, and up to 80% in high-wind–speed regions. The results also show that both favourable solar conditions and access to hydropower benefit the marginal system value of wind turbines. Furthermore, the profile value, which measures how valuable a wind turbine generation profile is to the electricity system, increases in line with a reduction in the specific power for wind power penetration levels of >10%. The profile value shows that the specific power becomes more important as the wind power penetration level increases. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd
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| 2. |
- Reichenberg, Lina, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Dampening variaiton in the Northern European Wind ENergy Output
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings 11th International Workshop on Large-Scale Integration of Wind Power.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The limit to dampen the variation in the output of the wind energy in the Nordic countries and Germany was investigated using meteorological wind speed data. Data from 2009 was used and tests were performed on data from 2006-2008. The results show that the variation in aggregated wind power output can be significantly lowered from finding an optimal allocation. For the data used in this work, the coefficient of variation (standard deviation/mean) was 0.50 for the optimized aggregation of sites, compared to 0.75 for the present day installation. Thus, such an optimal allocation may result in less need for dispatch and other measures to deal with the intermittency of wind power.
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| 3. |
- Reichenberg, Lina, 1976, et al.
(författare)
-
Dampening variations in wind power generation-the effect of optimizing geographic location of generating sites
- 2014
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Ingår i: Wind Energy. - : Wiley. - 1099-1824 .- 1095-4244. ; 17:11, s. 1631-1643
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a method to dampen the variations in the output of aggregated wind power through geographic allocation of wind power generation sites. The method, which is based on the sequential optimization of site localization, is applied to the Nordic countries and Germany, using meteorologic wind speed data as the input. The results show that the variability in aggregated wind power output mitigates by applying sequential optimization. For the data used in this work, the coefficient of variation (standard deviation/mean) was 0.54 for the optimized aggregation of sites, as compared with 0.91 for the present day installation. An optimal allocation of wind power generation site reduces the need for dispatch and other measures to deal with the intermittent nature of wind power.
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| 4. |
- Reichenberg, Lina, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Geographic aggregation of wind power—an optimization methodology for avoiding low outputs
- 2017
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Ingår i: Wind Energy. - : Wiley. - 1099-1824 .- 1095-4244. ; 20:1, s. 19-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work investigates macro-geographic allocation as a means to improve the performance of aggregated wind power output. The focus is on the spatial smoothing effect so as to avoid periods of low output. The work applies multi-objective optimization, in which two measures of aggregated wind power output variation are minimized, whereas the average output is maximized. The results show that it is possible to allocate wind power so that the frequency of low outputs is substantially reduced, while maintaining the average output at around 30% of nameplate capacity, as compared with the corresponding output of 20% for the present allocation system. We conclude that in a future, fully electrically integrated Europe, geographic allocation can substantially reduce instances of low aggregate output, while impairing little on capacity factor and at the same time providing reduction in of short-term jumps in output.
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| 5. |
- Reichenberg, Lina, 1976, et al.
(författare)
-
Large scale integration of wind power – influence of geographical allocation
- 2011
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Ingår i: Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal. - : AEDERMACP (European Association for the Development of Renewable Energies and Power Quality). - 2172-038X. ; 1:9, s. 1344-1349
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates the influence of geographical allocation of wind power generation in Northern Europe, assuming large scale integration of wind power. The work applies a linear cost optimization model of the heat and power sector with a 1-hour time resolution. The model minimizes the sum of running costs to meet the heat and power demand and the wind power and transmission investment costs. Wind data are taken from modelled wind speed data from the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute. The Nordic countries and Germany were divided into regions and the 200 sites with the highest yearly output were chosen to represent the region. The model gives the most favourable distribution of wind power between the regions. In addition, the paper provides an assessment of the effect of geographical distribution of wind power with respect to influence on the aggregated wind power production (only considering the wind power generation itself). The modelling results show that the largest investments in wind power are made in the windy region of Southern Norway. However, depending on the cost of transmission allocating wind power near large load centers in Germany may also be favourable. As for the assessment of distribution of wind power, the wind data gives that if the 400 best sites in Europe were used, this would result in a capacity factor of 38.5% and a lowest output of 2.5 % of rated power (applying 2009 wind data).
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| 6. |
- Reichenberg, Lina, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Maximizing Value of Wind Power Allocation: a Multi-objective Optimization approach
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings 11th International Workshop on Large-Scale Integration of Wind Power.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The trade-off between average output and standard deviation of the aggregated wind power output in Europe was investigated using a multi-objective optimization approach. By varying the allocation of wind power to different regions in Europe and aggregating the output, emphasis can be shifted between variability and average output. In the optimization, the objective of minimizing standard deviation is related to maximizing the aggregated capacity factor. A case where the capacity of wind power was five times the present installation was investigated. It was found, that the standard deviation of the aggregated output for the optimal aggregations range between 8.1 % and 19.5 % with a corresponding range in average output between 18.4 % and 37.3 %.
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| 7. |
- Reichenberg, Lina, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Tailoring large-scale electricity production from variable renewable energy sources to accommodate baseload generation in Europe
- 2018
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Ingår i: Renewable Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-1481 .- 1879-0682. ; 129, s. 334-346
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work investigates the possibility of combining large-scale penetration (around 50% of annual demand) of variable electricity production (wind and solar power) with baseload generation of electricity (e.g., via nuclear power or coal burning). A new methodology is developed that focuses on renewable resource and variation management in combination with transmission expansion and curtailment of excess electricity generation. Using the Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) measure in the objective function, the optimization model targets the residual load and tailors it to fit the baseload generation. Using Europe as an example, the results show that it is possible to tailor the residual load to fit the baseload with only a small sacrifice (∼1%) of output of generation from variable renewable energy sources (VRES). Expansion of the electricity transmission system is an important factor in accommodating baseload generation in systems with a high penetration level of VRES, whereby, for example, 50 GW of transmission capacity opens the way for baseload generation to increase from 20% to 32% of annual demand. The results show that wind power is the main contributor to VRES production, even in the case of exceptionally low future costs for solar PV.
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| 8. |
- Reichenberg, Lina, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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The marginal system LCOE of variable renewables Evaluating high penetration levels of wind and solar in Europe
- 2018
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Ingår i: Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-5442. ; 152, s. 914-924
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The marginal levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) for increasing the share of Variable Renewable Energy (VRE) is estimated using the electricity investment model greenVRE, which entails a detailed representation of the time dimension to account for variability and variation management. The model is applied to Europe (EU-27 + Norway and Switzerland), which the model divides into ten electricity balance regions and runs with 2920 time-steps The model is applied in a greenfield setting, in which the share of renewables (VRE + Hydro) varies between 0% and 100%. The results show that the system LCOE for VRE increases linearly with the penetration level range of 20%-80%, above which it increases sharply. Systems that have a high penetration of VRE are characterized by using wind power as the major generating technology and having strong expansion of transmission capacity. A sensitivity analysis for the cost of VRE and variation management capacity (storage and transmission) reveals that the point of increase in marginal LCOE is robust under different future scenarios regarding technology costs. We conclude that VRE could constitute the bulk of electricity generation at a reasonable cost, given that there is availability of variation management, especially with respect to transmission. (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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